CSS can provide Web authors with finer control over such things as setting the size, width, and color of HTML elements on a Web page, as well as adding URLs. This is accomplished using different types ofmeasurement units. This chapter looks at the following CSS units and how
they work:
• Length Units
• Percentage Units
• Color Formats
• URLs
These CSS units are all summarized in Appendix C “Colors, Units of Measure, Percentage Units and URLs”.
One of the common problems Web developers face when creating standards-compliant XHTML markup is embedding Flash content. Most developers simply copy and paste the standard set of object/embed tags Flash creates when publishing a movie. However, because they come loaded with all kinds of invalid attributes and elements, they wreak on a document’s conformance to Web standards.
One of the chief benefits of CSS to Web authors is the fact that you can finally specify many standard units of measure to such things as borders, font sizes, and margins. There are eight units of measure that can be used withCSS properties: inches, millimeters, centimeters, picas, points, pixels.
It works great, but with one huge caveat: Flash movies in Internet Explorer for Windows won’t start until they are 100 percent loaded.
The Satay method does offer a workaround, which includes fooling Internet Explorer for Windows by embedding an empty “container” movie set to the same parameters (width, height, and so on) as the “real” movie, and using the container clip to load the actual content. Internet Explorer will then successfully stream the movie, and the markup will validate, but at a cost to any developer ’s sanity — each and every embedded movie requires an accompanying empty container movie, thus creating a lot of extra directory trash and headaches.
First of all, Web standards purists will argue that the JavaScript file is essentially a Trojan horse that slips invalid, unsupported markup into XHTML and past the eyes of validators (which is exactly the point). Second, by relying on JavaScript to write our content, we are assuming that users have it enabled in their browsers (most everyone does, but some disable it for extra speed and avoidance of ads). Finally, each and every Flash movie requires its own external .JS file (not a big deal with a handful of movies, but things could quickly get out of control).
FlashObject is the most sophisticated and robust embedding method currently available. This JavaScript package is a direct response to the limitations of both of the methods, while providing simpler markup that validates as XHTML 1.0 Transitional and up.
FlashObject offers everything a Flash developer would need — player detection, ability to offer alternate content to those without the plug-in, methods to pass additional parameters and variables through FlashVars, div targeting for embedding an swf in a specific area, and even a variable to bypass player detection and force the display of a Flash movie, whether the user has the plug-in or not.
There are several different types of measures available to the Web author, ranging from simple units of length to typographic measurement units. Inches are a standard measure of length in the imperial system of measurement, and should be familiar to all Americans. There are 25.4 millimeters to an inch. Similarly, millimeters and centimeters are standard units of lengthunder the metric system. There are 10 millimeters to the centimeter, and there are 2.54 centimeters to the inch.
FlashObject is also search engine-friendly, which you rarely see with Flash content. Users simply create a div in their document and fill it with normal HTML textual content, which can then be indexed by search engines and displayed for visitors without the Flash plug-in. If a visitor has the Flash plug-in, the div’s content is replaced with the Flash movie. This enables both the haves and the have-nots to easily receive rich content, without a lot of work for the Web developer.
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